Minnie Julia Riperton-Rudolph was an American singer-songwriter best known for her 1975 single "Lovin' You" and her four-octave coloratura soprano. She is also widely known for using the whistle register and has been referred to by the media as the "Queen of the whistle register." Born in 1947, Riperton grew up in Chicago's Bronzeville neighborhood on the South Side. As a child, she studied music, drama, and dance at Chicago's Lincoln Center. She sang lead vocals for the Chicago-based girl group the Gems in her teen years. Her early affiliation with the legendary Chicago-based Chess Records allowed her to sing backup for various established artists such as Etta James, Fontella Bass, Ramsey Lewis, Bo Diddley, Chuck Berry, and Muddy Waters. While at Chess, Riperton also sang lead for the experimental rock/soul group Rotary Connection from 1967 to 1971.

On April 5, 1975, Riperton reached the apex of her career with her No. 1 single, "Lovin' You." The last release from her 1974 gold album, Perfect Angel, was a single. In January 1976, Riperton was diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent a radical mastectomy. By the time of diagnosis, the cancer had metastasized, and she was given about six months to live. Despite the grim prognosis, she continued recording and touring. She was one of the first celebrities to go public with her breast cancer diagnosis but did not disclose she was terminally ill. In 1977, she became a spokesperson for the American Cancer Society. In 1978, she received the American Cancer Society's Courage Award, presented to her at the White House by President Jimmy Carter. Riperton died of cancer on July 12, 1979, at age 31.

Riperton was born in Chicago, the daughter of Thelma Inez (née Matthews) (1911–2005) and Salleh Riperton (1899–1991), a Pullman porter. The youngest of eight children in a musical family, she embraced the arts early. Although she began with ballet and modern dance, her parents recognized her vocal and musical abilities and encouraged her to pursue music and voice. At Chicago's Lincoln Center, she received operatic vocal training from Marion Jeffery. She practiced breathing and phrasing, with particular emphasis on diction. Jeffery also trained Riperton to use her full range. While studying under Jeffery, she sang operettas and show tunes, preparing for an opera career. Jeffery was so convinced of her pupil's abilities that she firmly pushed her to further study the classics at Chicago's Junior Lyric Opera. The young Riperton was, however, becoming interested in soul, rhythm and blues, and rock. After graduating from Hyde Park High School (now Hyde Park Academy High School), she enrolled at Loop College and became a Zeta Phi Beta sorority member. She dropped out of college to pursue her music career.

Riperton's first professional singing engagement was with The Gems when she was 15. Raynard Miner, a blind pianist, heard her singing during her stint with Hyde Park's A Cappella Choir and became her musical patron. The Gems had limited commercial success but proved to be a good outlet for Riperton's talent. Eventually, the group became a session group known as Studio Three, and it was during this period that they provided the backing vocals on the classic 1965 Fontella Bass hit "Rescue Me." In 1964, The Gems released a local hit, I Can't Help Myself, and their last single, He Makes Me Feel So Good, was released in 1965. The Gems later released records under numerous names—most notably 1966's Baby I Want You by the Girls Three and 1967's My Baby's Real by the Starlets. The latter has achieved cult status with northern soul fans and remains a favorite. It was a Motown-style song reminiscent of Tammi Terrell. In 1968, Watered Down was released as a follow-up under The Starlets. It was the last release of Riperton's former girl group. While a part of Studio Three, Riperton met her mentor, producer Billy Davis, who wrote her first local hit, "Lonely Girl" and "You Gave Me Soul." In honor of Davis, she used the pseudonym Andrea Davis to release those two singles. Some months after her Andrea Davis singles hit radio, Riperton joined Rotary Connection, a funky rock-soul group created by Marshall Chess, the son of Chess Records founder Leonard Chess. Rotary Connection consisted of Riperton, Chess, Judy Hauff, Sidney Barnes, and Charles Stepney. They released their debut in 1967 and, eventually, five more albums: 1968's Aladdin; the Christmas album Peace; Songs; and finally, 1970's Dinner Music and Hey Love. In 1969 Riperton, along with Rotary Connection, played in the first Catholic Rock Mass at the Liturgical Conference National Convention, Milwaukee Arena, Milwaukee, WI, produced by James F. Colaianni.

Riperton's debut solo album entitled Come to My Garden was produced, arranged, and orchestrated by Charles Stepney and released in 1970 by GRT Records. She was presented as a solo artist by Ramsey Lewis on Saturday, December 26, 1970, at Chicago's famed London House. Riperton performed several numbers from the album while accompanied by Stepney. Although commercially unsuccessful, Come to My Garden is now considered a masterpiece by music critics and many others in the music industry.

In 1973, a college intern for Epic Records found Riperton in semi-retirement. She had become a homemaker and a mother of two in Gainesville, Florida. After he heard a demo of the song "Seeing You This Way," the rep took the tape to Don Ellis, VP of A&R for Epic. Riperton signed with Epic Records, and the family moved to Los Angeles, California. The subsequent record, Perfect Angel, turned out to be one of Riperton's best-selling albums. Included were the rock-soul anthem "Reasons"; the second single, "Take a Little Trip" (written by Stevie Wonder, who also coproduced the album); and the third single, "Seeing You This Way." Sales of the album started slow. Epic was ready to move on to the next record, but Rudolph convinced them to release another single. With the fourth single, "Lovin' You," the album caught on, and in April 1975, the song went to the top of the charts in the U.S. and 24 other countries. The song reached no. 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number three on the U.S. R&B charts. It sold more than one million copies and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA in April 1975. Perfect Angel went gold, and Riperton was finally revered as the "lady with the high voice and flowers in her hair." The album also featured the song "Every Time He Comes Around," with Deniece Williams singing the background vocals. Riperton's daughter, Saturday Night Live actress Maya Rudolph, was a child when "Lovin' You" was recorded. According to the liner notes from Riperton's Petals compilation CD, the melody to "Lovin' You" was created as a distraction for Maya when she was a baby, so Riperton and Richard Rudolph could spend time together. Near the end of the unedited "Lovin' You," Riperton sings "Maya, Maya, Maya"; in concert, near her death, she changed this to "Maya, Maya, Ringo, Maya." Ringo was her nickname for her son, Marc.

After Perfect Angel, Riperton and Richard Rudolph started on Riperton's third album, Adventures in Paradise (1975). Joe Sample of The Crusaders co-wrote the title song, "Adventures in Paradise," and Crusaders producer Stewart Levine co-produced the album. While shooting a promotional clip for the album, she was attacked by a lion but was not seriously injured. During an appearance on The Sammy Davis, Jr. Show, she played the footage of the incident for Sammy and her fellow guests, including Richard Pryor. The album was a modest success. Despite the R&B hit "Inside My Love" (a no. 5 U.S. R&B hit, later covered by Trina Broussard, Chanté Moore, and Delilah (musician) ), the album did not match the success of Perfect Angel. Some radio stations refused to play "Inside My Love" due to the lyrics: "Will you come inside me?"

Her fourth album for Epic Records, titled Stay in Love, featured another collaboration with Stevie Wonder in the funky disco tune "Stick Together." She also sang backup on Wonder's songs "Creepin'" from 1974's Fullfillingness' First Finale and "Ordinary Pain" from 1976's Songs in the Key of Life and was mentioned prominently in his song "Positivity" on A Time to Love. In 1977, Riperton lent her vocal abilities to a track named "Yesterday and Karma" on Osamu Kitajima's album, "Osamu." In 1978, Riperton's attorney Mike Rosenfeld and her husband, Richard Rudolph, orchestrated a move to Capitol Records for Riperton and her CBS Records catalog. In April 1979, Riperton released her fifth and final album, Minnie. During the recording of the album, her cancer progressed to the point that she was in great pain. "Memory Lane" was a hit from the album. Riperton incorporated the sadness of the ending of a relationship while suddenly shifting to cries of "I don't want to go," "save me," "now I'm slippin' fast," "thought it was over; here I go again," and "travelin' down, faster than the speed of sound." It is thought that "Memory Lane" was her farewell to her family and the world. Her last televised performance was on an episode of The Merv Griffin Show (aired July 6, 1979), during which she performed Memory Lane and Lover and Friend.

Riperton was married to songwriter and music producer Richard Rudolph from August 1970 until her death in July 1979. Riperton and Rudolph had two children; music engineer Marc Rudolph (b. 1968) and actress/comedian Maya Rudolph (b. 1972).

On The Tonight Show on August 24, 1976, Riperton revealed that she had undergone a mastectomy due to breast cancer. At the time of her diagnosis, Riperton discovered her cancer had already spread to the lymphatic system and was given about six months to live. She continued touring in 1977 and 1978 and became the national spokeswoman for the American Cancer Society's 1978–79 campaign. Severe lymphedema immobilized her right arm in early 1979.

In her final singing appearances on television (most notably on the Mike Douglas Show), her right arm remained fixed during her performances. By mid-June, she was confined to bed. She entered Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on July 10. On Thursday, July 12, at 10 am, while lying in her husband's arms, Riperton died while listening to a recording that Stevie Wonder had made for her. That Sunday, following a funeral service attended by more than five hundred mourners, Riperton was interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles. Her epitaph is the opening line of her most famous song: "Lovin' you is easy 'cause you're beautiful."

After Riperton died, several artists contributed vocals to tracks she had recorded before her death to help compile Richard Rudolph's final tribute to his wife; Love Lives Forever. Included, among others, were Peabo Bryson, Michael Jackson, and Stevie Wonder. Riperton's last single, "Give Me Time," was released in 1980. Richard Rudolph wrote the song "Now That I Have You" for her, but she never got the chance to record it; he gave the piece to Teena Marie, who recorded it (and co-produced it with Rudolph) on Marie's second LP, Lady T. Finally, in 1981, Capitol Records released The Best of Minnie Riperton, a greatest hits collection. The "new" song on the album was a remake of Joni Mitchell's "A Woman of Heart and Mind," a holdover from the Minnie sessions. Also included was an alternate mix of "Memory Lane"; live versions of "Can You Feel What I'm Saying," "Lover And Friend," and "Young, Willing, and Able,"; and two "Moments with Minnie." It also included the hits "Perfect Angel," "Lovin' You," "Inside My Love," "Adventures In Paradise," and two tracks from Love Lives Forever: the single "Here We Go" (a duet with Peabo Bryson), and the song "You Take My Breath Away." During the 1990s, Riperton's music was sampled by many rap and hip-hop artists, including Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, A Tribe Called Quest, Blumentopf, The Orb, and Tragedy Khadafi. Rapper J. Cole sampled her in 2016 on the song "Everybody Dies."

Riperton had a coloratura soprano vocal range. Aside from her various hits, she is perhaps best remembered today for her ability to sing in the whistle register, in which she had a rare facility. She is known as the Queen of the Whistle Register, The Nightingale, and a Songbird. Her rare ability to enunciate in the high registers set her apart from most other whistle-register singers. This feature is most notably heard in the song "Here We Go" (a duet with Peabo Bryson), where she sings "here we go" in the whistle register. Whistle-register pronunciation can also be heard in songs such as "Inside My Love," "Adventures in Paradise," "Expecting," "Only When I'm Dreaming," and also in "Teach Me How to Fly," and "Like a Rolling Stone" with the Rotary Connection.

Riperton was also noted for her ability to sound almost mechanical or instrumental in the whistle register. In "You Take My Breath Away," she sang a portamento ending two octaves above the staff. She has also been credited for her ability to sustain notes in the sixth and seventh octave for long periods, as in "Reasons," "Could It Be I'm in Love," "Adventures in Paradise," and "Inside My Love," and also "Love Me Now" with the Rotary Connection. Her innate ability to imitate many instruments helped Riperton's discovery while she was a secretary at Chess Records.

In her recordings, Riperton's highest recorded note reached in the whistle register was F7 on the third scale of "You Take My Breath Away." Riperton went this extremely high note on an early recording of "Teach Me How to Fly" and "Could It Be I'm in Love." Also, in a live performance of the song "Ruby Tuesday" from Rotary Connection, she sang an F#7. In the song "Loving You," she sings a walk down on the A Major scale from F#6 to A5. Mariah Carey cited Riperton as an influence on her.

Singer Stevie Wonder paid tribute to Riperton during an episode of the TV show Soul Train, which aired shortly after her death in September 1979.

On June 7, 2009, TV One's (US TV network's) Unsung series premièred a one-hour documentary on Riperton's career and life. It included interviews with her husband Richard, son Marc, daughter Maya, sister Sandra Riperton, and many others who worked with her.

Singer Julia Fordham's song 'Roadside Angel' is a biographical tribute to Riperton.

Singer Kate Bush referenced Riperton ("Hello Minnie") in a lyric of "Blow Away," a track on her 1980 album Never for Ever. The song also references several other musicians who had recently died.

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